Phentermine, a contraction of "phenyl-tertiary-butylamine", is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class, with pharmacology similar to amphetamine. It is used medically as an appetite suppressant.
Phentermine is approved as an appetite suppressant and is medically prescribed as a diet pill; intended for obese patients and patients that are considered a medical risk due to weight. Phentermine is a prescription that helps aid weight-loss and is designed for short-term use with a combination of exercise and a healthy diet.
Phentermine is FDA approved but It's currently being studied in combination with other medications for obesity. The first such combination is the appetite suppressant phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia formerly Qnexa). In 2012, the FDA approved its sale in the United States.
There are various Phentermine brands and supplements available through tablets, capsules, and drinks such as: Vites, Adipex and Qsymia (previously known as Qnexa) available in various dosages. Manufacturers of Phentermine diet pills have their own 37.5 mg dosages, Phentermine 37.5 mg tablets or capsules are generally manufactured by generic pharmaceutical groups.
Medical uses[edit]
Adverse effects[edit]
Generally, phentermine appears to be relatively well tolerated.[3]
Common (>1% incidence) adverse effects include:
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- Restlessness
- Nervousness
- Euphoria
- Agitation
- Arrhythmia
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Rash
- Urinary frequency
- Facial oedema
- Unpleasant taste
- Urticaria
- Impotence
- Changes in libido
Rare (<1% incidence) adverse effects include:
- Valvular heart disease (when in combination with dexfenfluramine and fenfluramine; causal relationship unclear)
- Primary pulmonary hypertension
- Increased seizure activity in people with epilepsy
- Psychosis
- Withdrawal symptoms on stopping
- Dysphoria
- Ischaemic events
Cautions[edit]
- Known hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to sympathomimetic amines
- Taking a substituted amphetamine (i.e., Adderall, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methamphetamine), dexfenfluramine,fenfluramine, furazolidone, guanadrel, guanethidine, or have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (e.g., phenelzine) in the last 14 days
- Hyperthyroidism
- Glaucoma
- Peptic ulcer
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Epilepsy
- Cotreatment with drugs that increase blood pressure
- Contraindicated in cardiac disease (e.g. advanced arteriosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias) and cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
- Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
- Those receiving serotonergic medications such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressant, due to the potential for serotonin syndrome to be precipitated by the cotreatment.
Medicines which may interact with phentermine, such as dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, furazolidone, or MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine) are contraindicated because of the risk of serious side effects, such as increasing headache, high blood pressure, slow heart rate, elevated temperature, or possibly fatal lung problems, may be increased. Guanadrel (Hylorel) or guanethidine (Ismelin) effectiveness may be decreased by phentermine. Antacids may decrease the excretion of phentermine.[7] Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide) may decrease the excretion of phentermine.[7]
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